Geography

Kaduthuruthy Block is a region of great natural beauty, characterized by hills, valleys, slopes, plains, and paddy fields. Spanning an area of ​​155.69 square kilometers in the eastern part of Vaikom Taluk, Kottayam district, the region's elevation ranges from 7 to 75 meters above sea level. Based on its topography, the area can be divided into four zones.

1. Hilly regions

2. Valleys and plains

3. Paddy fields

4. Coastal areas

Hilly Areas and Slopes

This type of terrain, generally found within the Kaduthuruthy Block, is most prevalent in the Kaduthuruthy, Njeezhoor, Mulakkulam, and Thalayolaparambu Panchayats. The hilltops in this region are characterized by flat terrain. Rubber is the primary crop here, though black pepper, ginger, banana, and coconut are also cultivated.

Paddy Fields

 The total area designated as paddy fields spans 13,903 hectares. Certain parts of the Kallara and Thalayolaparambu panchayats consist of *karinilam* (low-lying, waterlogged paddy lands). Paddy fields and rice cultivation exist across all areas of the block. However, rice cultivation has declined due to the adverse effects of the monsoon, as well as technical and financial reasons. A trend of leaving paddy fields fallow on a large scale is being observed. Waterlogging is the primary environmental issue.

Coastal Area

The coastal area is located in the Velloor region. Alluvial soil, a mixture of sand and clay, is found in the river basin area of ​​the Velloor Panchayat.

Water Resources

The region is rich in water bodies, including numerous streams, rivulets, and ponds of various sizes. The Muvattupuzha River, which flows through the Velloor Grama Panchayat, serves as the primary water source; the area also features over 30 streams—both large and small—along with a multitude of ponds and other water bodies.

Climate

Four main seasons are experienced in this region: the monsoon season from early June to September, the retreating monsoon (Thulavarsham) from October to November, winter from December to February, and summer from March to May. However, recent changes in the climate are significantly affecting the agricultural sector. Floods during the monsoon season severely impact many areas.